ABSTRACT
The restrictive social distancing strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic in the healthcare system has led to a reduction in measures for the active detection of malignant neoplasms (MNs). Objective. To evaluate the impact of a temporary stop the measures for the secondary prevention of MNs on the frequency of detected cases of the disease during preventive medical examinations (PMEs). Materials and methods. The efficiency of active MN detectability in 2020 versus the pre-COVID-19 period (2018-2019) was com-paratively analyzed in 17 regions of the Central Federal District (CFD) of Russia. Information on the coverage of the population with PMEs and on the frequency of detected cancer cases when using fluorographic, mammographic, and cytological studies was obtained from the study of the data contained in the information project <<Passport of an Oncology Dispensary>> of the P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, as well as those available in the public domain on the Internet and on the official websites of regional health authorities. Results. The comparative analysis of the results of PMEs did not reveal significant differences in their efficiency in the studied regions of the Central Federal District of Russia in 2018 and 2019. Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period in 2020, there was a sta-tistically significant decline in the population coverage with primary care, which was 33.2+/-2.3% among both sexes (p<0.01), 25.8+/-2.3 for males (p<0.05) and 39.7+/-3.0% females (p<0.01). The frequency of detected cancer cases was 1.0 in the general population, 0.6 for males and 1.2 for females. There was an increase in the number of detected cases during fluorographic (+27.1%) and mammographic (+22.9%) studies and a decrease in the proportion of cytologically detected MNs (-33.2%). At the same time, due to a decline in the number of the surveyed population in 2020, there was a decrease in the number of detected cancer cases of the lung (-34.8%), breast (-37.1%), as well as tumors diagnosed cytologically (-65.9%). Conclusion. This investigation may suggest that at least 1.065 lung cancer cases and 1.875 breast ones were not diagnosed due to the temporary reduction in PMEs in the regions studied.Copyright © 2021, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Biomarker detection has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to the minimally or non-invasive sampling process. Single entity analysis of biomarkers is expected to provide real-time and accurate biological information for early disease diagnosis and prognosis, which is critical to the effective disease treatment and is also important in personalized medicine. As an innovative single entity analysis method, nanopore sensing is a pioneering single-molecule detection technique that is widely used in analytical bioanalytical fields. In this review, we overview the recent progress of nanopore biomarker detection as new approaches to disease diagnosis. In highlighted studies, nanopore was focusing on detecting biomarkers of different categories of communicable and noncommunicable diseases, such as pandemic COVID-19, AIDS, cancers, neurologic diseases, etc. Various sensitive and selective nanopore detecting strategies for different types of biomarkers are summarized. In addition, the challenges, opportunities, and direction for future development of nanopore-based biomarker sensors are also discussed.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V.